Leading and Leader

Introduction of LEADING...

Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. If managers are effective leaders, their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives. The behavioral sciences have made many contributions to understanding this function of management. Personality research and studies of job attitudes provide important information as to how managers can most effectively lead subordinates. For example, this research tells us that to become effective at leading, managers must first understand their subordinates’ personalities, values, attitudes, and emotions. Studies of motivation and motivation theory provide important information about the ways in which workers can be energized to put forth productive effort. Studies of communication provide direction as to how managers can effectively and persuasively communicate. Studies of leadership and leadership style provide information regarding questions, such as, “What makes a manager a good leader?” and “In what situations are certain leadership styles most appropriate and effective?”

• Leaders who demonstrate persistence, tenacity, determination, and synergisticcommunication skills will bring out the same qualities in their groups.
• A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people.
• Positive reinforcement occurs when a positive stimulus is presented in response to a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior in the future.

• laissez-faire 
  An economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs , government subsidies , and enforced monopolies , with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression.
   

Types of Leader

Over the years the philosophical terminology of "management" and "leadership" have, in the organizational context, been used both as synonyms and with clearly differentiated meanings. Debate is fairly common about whether the use of these terms should be restricted, and generally reflects an awareness of the distinction made by Burns (1978) between "transactional" leadership (characterized by, for example, emphasis on procedures, contingent reward, management by exception) and "transformational" leadership (characterized by, for example, charisma, personal relationships, creativity).

Group Leadership

In contrast to individual leadership, some organizations have adopted group leadership. In this situation, more than one person provides direction to the group as a whole. Some organizations have taken this approach in hopes of increasing creativity, reducing costs, or downsizing. Others may see the traditional leadership of a boss as costing too much in team performance. In some situations, the team members best able to handle any given phase of the project become the temporary leaders. Additionally, as each team member has the opportunity to experience the elevated level of empowerment, it energizes staff and feeds the cycle of success.

Leaders who demonstrate persistence, tenacity, determination, and synergistic communication skills will bring out the same qualities in their groups. Good leaders use their own inner mentors to energize their team and organizations and lead a team to achieve success.

Leadership styles

A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. It is the result of the philosophy, personality, and experience of the leader. Rhetoric specialists have also developed models for understanding leadership (Robert Hariman, Political Style; Philippe-Joseph Salazar, L'Hyperpolitique. Technologies politiques De La Domination). Figure 1

Different situations call for different leadership styles. In an emergency, when there is little time to converge on an agreement and where a designated authority has significantly more experience or expertise than the rest of the team, an autocratic leadership style may be most effective. However, in a highly motivated and aligned team, with a homogeneous level of expertise, a more democratic or laissez-faire style may be more effective. The style adopted should be the one that most effectively achieves the objectives of the group while balancing the interests of its individual members.

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE

INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZE:

Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of the organization is the framework within which effort is coordinated. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an organization are generally referred to as organizational designThe matching of organizational form, such as structure, reporting relationships, and information technology, with the organization’s strategy. decisions. Organizing also involves the design of individual jobs within the organization. Decisions must be made about the duties and responsibilities of individual jobs, as well as the manner in which the duties should be carried out. Decisions made about the nature of jobs within the organization are generally called “job design” decisions. Organizing at the level of the organization involves deciding how best to departmentalize, or cluster, jobs into departments to coordinate effort effectively. There are many different ways to departmentalize, including organizing by function, product, geography, or customer. Many larger organizations use multiple methods of departmentalization. 

Organizing at the level of a particular job involves how best to design individual jobs to most effectively use human resources. Traditionally, job design is the process of putting together various elements to form a job, bearing in mind organizational and individual worker requirements. was based on principles of division of labor and specialization, which assumed that the more narrow the job content, the more proficient the individual performing the job could become. However, experience has shown that it is possible for jobs to become too narrow and specialized. For example, how would you like to screw lids on jars one day after another, as you might have done many decades ago if you worked in company that made and sold jellies and jams? When this happens, negative outcomes result, including decreased job satisfaction and organizational commitment, increased absenteeism, and turnover. Recently, many organizations have attempted to strike a balance between the need for worker specialization and the need for workers to have jobs that entail variety and autonomy. Many jobs are now designed based on such principles as empowerment, job enrichmentA job redesign technique that allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. and teamworkCooperative effort by the members of a group or team to achieve a common goal.. For example, HUI Manufacturing, a custom sheet metal fabricator, has done away with traditional “departments” to focus on listening and responding to customer needs. From company-wide meetings to team huddles, HUI employees know and understand their customers and how HUI might service them best.

organize your routine work.

Management and Planning

very good morning to all fellow friends.....^^

I'm will continue my article about "PLANNING" in our site....

Planning was one of important thing that manager and organization must make a prioritized...
Before that, i'm will introducing your about "MANAGEMENT"

What is Management.....
It is really imporTant..???

Management:
~~Management can be described are planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources(raw material,technology,capital,entrepreneur,computers, patents, and loyal customers also employees) to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.

Management skills are used by organizational to achieve their goals. One of the most important goals organizations and their members try to achieve is to provide some kind of good and service that customers value and desire. For instance, how CEO Apple Steve John is manage to Apple creates a continuous stream of new and improved goods and services- such as more powerful PCs, more versatile iPods, and iPhones and the ability to easily download diverse kinds of digital content from the Internet--that customers are willing to buy.

WHY WE NEED TO STUDY MANAGEMENT ????
3 reasons can evaluate this....

1. In any society or culture resources are valuable and scarce; so the more efficient and effective use of that organizations can make of those resources, the greater the relative well-being and prosperity of people in that society.Meant, a managers decide how to use many of a society's most valuable resources efficiently.
2. Soft Skills.... when we are in organizations we will make a contact with our co-workers and bosses, hence how the conflict, issue, problem, so how we need to deal with them...
3. In any society, people are in competition for a very important resources--a job that pays well and provides an interesting and satisfying career; and understanding management is one important path toward obtaining this objective.

In this article, one of the essential management task is PLANNING...

STRATEGY...

PLANNING: is a process where a managers identify and select appropriate organizational goals and courses of action.
They develop strategies for how the goals will achieve and in high performance.

3 STEP IN PERFORMING PLANNING

1. Deciding which goals the organizations/individuals will pursue.
2. Deciding what strategies to adopt and attain those goals.
3. Deciding how to allocate organizational resources to pursue the strategies that attain those goals.